Journal of Surgery and Interventional Radiology

Computed Tomography (CT)

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Computed Tomography also known as a CT scan. It is a pivotal imaging modality in modern medicine, providing detailed cross-sectional images of the body's internal structures. Employing a rotating X-ray source and detectors encircling the patient, CT captures multiple projections from various angles. These data are processed using tomographic reconstruction algorithms to generate axial slices, offering intricate visualization of anatomical regions. ?

The versatility of CT imaging spans numerous medical applications. In neuroimaging, it is instrumental in detecting intracranial hemorrhages, tumors, and traumatic injuries. Thoracic assessments utilize CT to evaluate pulmonary pathologies, including infections, interstitial lung diseases, and neoplasms. Abdominal and pelvic imaging benefits from CT's ability to delineate organ structures, aiding in diagnosing conditions such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and malignancies. Furthermore, CT angiography provides detailed visualization of vascular anatomy, facilitating the identification of aneurysms, stenoses, and embolisms.

A remarkable advancement in CT technology is the development of spiral (helical) CT, wherein continuous patient movement through the gantry allows for rapid data acquisition and improved image resolution. This innovation enhances the detection of subtle lesions and reduces motion artifacts. Additionally, the integration of contrast media, typically iodine-based agents, augments the differentiation of tissues by altering their radiodensity, thereby improving the conspicuity of vascular structures and lesions. ?

Although its diagnostic benefits, CT imaging involves exposure to ionizing radiation, necessitating judicious use to minimize potential risks. Adherence to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle is essential, emphasizing the importance of optimizing scan parameters and considering alternative modalities when appropriate. Moreover, the administration of iodinated contrast agents carries a risk of adverse reactions, ranging from mild hypersensitivity to severe anaphylaxis, and may pose challenges in patients with renal impairment.